Creen haber encontrado «lagos» subterráneos en Marte.
La existencia de agua líquida en Marte, uno de los asuntos más debatidos sobre nuestro vecino rojo, parece cada vez más probable.
Una nueva investigación publicada el lunes en la revista Nature Astronomy indica que realmente hay un depósito enterrado de agua súper salada cerca del polo sur del planeta. Los científicos dicen que un lago así mejoraría significativamente la probabilidad de que el planeta rojo pudiera albergar vida microscópica propia.
Algunos científicos siguen sin estar convencidos de que lo que se ha visto es agua líquida, pero el último estudio agrega peso a un hallazgo tentativo en 2018 por el robot orbitador Mars Express.
Esa investigación sugirió que un lago subterráneo de agua líquida se había acumulado debajo de capas congeladas de sedimento cerca del polo sur marciano, similar a los lagos subglaciales detectados debajo de las capas de hielo de la Antártida y Groenlandia en la Tierra.
Los lagos subglaciales de la Tierra están llenos de vida bacteriana, y vida similar podría sobrevivir en depósitos líquidos en Marte, han especulado los científicos.
Tenemos mucha más confianza ahora, dijo Elena Pettinelli, profesora de geofísica en la Universidad Roma Tre de Italia, quien dirigió la última investigación y el estudio anterior. Hicimos muchas más observaciones y procesamos los datos de manera completamente diferente.
La científica planetaria y su equipo procesaron 134 observaciones de la región cerca del polo sur con un radar de penetración terrestre del Mars Express Orbiter entre 2012 y 2019, más de cuatro veces más que antes, y cubriendo un período de tiempo de más del doble.
Luego aplicaron una nueva técnica a los datos de observación que se ha utilizado para encontrar lagos debajo de la capa de hielo de la Antártida, así como una técnica más antigua utilizada en el estudio de 2018.
Ambos métodos indican que hay un mosaico de depósitos de líquido enterrados en la región, dijo Pettinelli: un gran depósito de unas 24 km de ancho, rodeado por varios parches más pequeños de hasta 9 km de ancho.
Los investigadores no pueden decir qué tan profundo van los reservorios, pero comienzan aproximadamente a 1.5 km debajo de la superficie, dijo.
Y aunque el radar no muestra de qué están hechos, probablemente sean soluciones hipersalinas (agua saturada con sales de perclorato de calcio, magnesio, sodio y potasio) que los mantienen líquidos por debajo de menos 32 grados Celsius, dijo Pettinelli.
El nuevo estudio de un posible nicho subterráneo para la vida en Marte se produce apenas unas semanas después de que los científicos informaran sobre el hallazgo de posibles signos de vida en las nubes del planeta Venus.
Si estos son realmente cuerpos enterrados de agua líquida, podrían ser un lugar privilegiado donde la vida extraterrestre microbiana podría sobrevivir en el planeta rojo, tal vez un remanente de la vida que podría haber existido allí hace miles de millones de años si Marte hubiese tenido mares de agua en su superficie. El agua líquida es un ingrediente clave para la vida tal como la conocemos, aunque también se han propuesto químicas exóticas para la vida basadas en hidrocarburos o dióxido de carbono.
Ahora se cree que Marte está completamente seco, pero la humedad en su atmósfera se congela durante los inviernos marcianos como hielo de agua sobre los casquetes de hielo permanentes de dióxido de carbono en los polos norte y sur.
Si se verifica el descubrimiento, esta es la primera vez que se encuentra agua líquida en Marte y tendrá un profundo impacto en la búsqueda de vida extraterrestre.
Steve Clifford, del Planetary Science Institute, una organización sin fines de lucro con sede en Tucson, Arizona, dijo que está de acuerdo en que una masa de agua subterránea es la explicación más plausible para las observaciones de radar de Mars Express, pero argumenta que podría no ser tan frío o salado. como sugieren los investigadores.
Clifford, que trabajó en la misión Mars Express pero que no participó en el nuevo estudio, dijo que cree que el líquido subterráneo podría ser creado por el calor del interior caliente del planeta que derrite los sedimentos helados de la misma manera que el calor geotérmico derrite la base de la capa de hielo de la Antártida en algunas regiones.
Eso significaría que los reservorios subterráneos en Marte no necesitan ser extremadamente salados para mantenerse líquidos, dijo.
Sin embargo, no todo el mundo está convencido con el nuevo estudio.
El científico planetario Jack Holt del Laboratorio Lunar y Planetario de la Universidad de Arizona en Tucson dijo en un correo electrónico que Marte probablemente era demasiado frío para que incluso el agua hipersalina existiera como líquido, y si lo hiciera, entonces el agua líquida también existiría en regiones que se veían igual que en los mapas de radar.
Si aplicamos la misma interpretación, entonces debería haber manantiales fluyendo a lo largo del borde del casquete polar, dijo. Y ese no es el caso.
Holt trabaja con un radar en el Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, que no ha visto signos de agua líquida, aunque los investigadores de Mars Express sugieren que está usando las longitudes de onda de radar incorrectas para verlos.
Holt también cree que cualquier descripción de lagos de agua enterrados es engañosa: En el mejor de los casos, sedimentos húmedos irregulares, dijo. Pero incluso eso es exagerado.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
Con información de NBC.
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