HISTORIASSALUD

Los hombres cuervo y su extraño padecimiento. Conócelos.

A este extraño padecimiento de los hombres cuervo se le conoce científicamente como displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica.

En la localidad de Punta Arena en el municipio de Catazajá, Chiapas, viven 8 hombres que carecen de poros en la piel y tienen deficiencias en sus glándulas sudoríparas. Se les llama coloquialmente hombres cuervo.

Hombre cuervo en la Actualidad

Les dicen así porque tienen que bañarse o humedecerse el cuerpo por lo menos 64 veces al día, tal como los cuervos se zambullen en las orillas de las lagunas.

Ellos forman parte de los más de mil 300 habitantes de Punta Arena y de las 200 personas registradas en todo el mundo con el extraño padecimiento de displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica.


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A este extraño padecimiento de los hombres cuervo se le conoce científicamente como displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica.
Foto: Youtube.

Doña Prudencia Vázquez López, de 42 años, madre de dos hombres cuervo, contó la descendencia del padecimiento: un hombre y sus tres hijas, procedentes de Hungría, se asentaron el siglo pasado en Punta Arena.

De esta descendencia nació su padre, Urfencio Vázquez Góngora, quien falleció a los 70 años. Él fue el único hombre cuervo de sus cuatro hermanos y dio vida a doña Prudencia, quien —con su pareja sana— procreó a dos hijos cuervo.

Hombre cuervo

Su primo Porfirio Díaz Vázquez, de más de 60 años, tiene pómulos anchos, mandíbula triangular, labio superior corto y fino, labio inferior grueso y revertido. También tiene el cabello escaso y ralo, piel delgada, nariz hundida, cejas y pestañas despobladas, ojos azules, alteraciones en las uñas, orejas ligeramente puntiagudas y dientes ausentes. Si no se baña constantemente podrían salirle parches rojos en el cuerpo o sangrarle la nariz.

A este extraño padecimiento de los hombres cuervo se le conoce científicamente como displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica.
Foto: Youtube.

¿Qué es la displasia ectodérmica?

La displasia ectodérmica es un padecimientos congénito e irreversible que engloba una serie de enfermedades o síndromes en los que están afectados diversos tejidos y órganos, todos ellos derivados del ectodermo.

El ectodermo es una capa externa del cuerpo humano durante el desarrollo de un embrión. Las otras dos son el mesodermo y endodermo. El ectodermo es la primera en formarse.


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De forma general, el ectodermo ayuda a formar el sistema nervioso (médula espinal, nervios periféricos y cerebro), el esmalte dental y la epidermis. También forma el revestimiento de la boca, ano, fosas nasales, glándulas sudoríparas, pelo y uñas.

Foto: Youtube.

Cuando una persona presenta por lo menos dos características anormales del ectodermo, se le identifica como alguien afectado por la displasia ectodérmica.

Principales síntomas.

Los principales síntomas son incapacidad de sudar por la falta de glándulas sudoríparas, ausencia y forma cónica de piezas dentales. También hay ausencia de cabello, pestañas y cejas, piel muy seca, falta de lubricación ocular y de vías respiratorias, intolerancia al calor, entre otros.

Los síntomas pueden variar desde leves hasta muy severos. Todo depende del grado de afectación y del tipo de displasia ya que se conocen cerca de 350 tipos.

Otros síntomas que se pueden presentar son labio leporino, paladar hendido, mal formación de encías y en raras ocasiones daño cerebral.

A este extraño padecimiento de los hombres cuervo se le conoce científicamente como displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica.
Foto: Youtube.

La prevalencia de la displasia ectodérmica anhidrótica es sumamente rara con solo 200 casos registrados a nivel mundial, aunque otros tipos pueden ser más recurrentes.


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En México existe la Asociación Mexicana de Displasia Ectodérmica Mariana, una organización civil que ayuda a todas las personas con este transtorno.

Con información de La Razón, Amdem y Asociación Española de Pediatría.

Documental de los hombres cuervos:

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