Orangutanes de Tapanuli: pronto podría extinguirse.
Los orangutanes de Tapanuli, la especie de grandes simios en mayor riesgo de extinción de la Tierra, pueden estar aún más cerca de extinguirse.
Estos grandes simios se encuentran actualmente en las montañas de Batang Toru en el norte de Sumatra, Indonesia, donde ocupan menos del 3% del hábitat que ocupaban a fines del siglo XIX. Con menos de 800 orangutanes Tapanuli en Batang Toru, la especie se enfrenta a la inminente amenaza de extinción.
Si más del 1% de la población adulta se muere, se captura o se traslada cada año, el orangután de Tapanuli se convertirá en la primera especie de grandes simios en extinguirse en tiempos modernos, según el autor del estudio Erik Meijaard. Meijaard es científico y fundador del grupo conservacionista Borneo Futures.
El estudio, basado en registros históricos de la región, encontró que los simios fueron empujados a las montañas Batang Toru por los cazadores y la fragmentación de su antiguo hábitat. Idealmente, los orangutanes deberían poder moverse entre una variedad de entornos, incluidas las áreas de tierras bajas. Esto para maximizar sus posibilidades de supervivencia, pero en cambio permanecen atrapados en tierras altas para las que no son ideales, dijeron los autores.
Ahora una presa hidroeléctrica.
Sin embargo, incluso este hábitat limitado podría verse amenazado por una nueva planta de energía hidroeléctrica. Esta planta estaría ubicada en el río Batang Toru en el sur de la regencia de Tapanuli, en el norte de Sumatra. La planta de 122 hectáreas impediría que las subpoblaciones de orangutanes de Tapanuli se mezclaran, lo que podría conducir a la endogamia y limitar la diversidad genética de la especie.
La empresa PT North Sumatera Hydro Energy (PT NHSE) suspendió la construcción de la planta debido a la pandemia actual. El proyecto también perdió fondos clave del Banco de China, por lo que la construcción puede permanecer en suspenso durante varios años. Meijaard quieren que el desarrollador, el gobierno, la UICN y el Programa de Conservación de Orangutanes de Sumatra utilicen esta pausa para iniciar una investigación independiente para evaluar la amenaza para los orangutanes.
PT NHSE financió su propia evaluación previamente y concluyó que la planta no amenazaría el hábitat de los simios. La Unión Internacional para la Conservación de la Naturaleza (UICN) luego publicó su propio informe, disputando la evaluación de PT NHSE.
Aunque más allá de la central eléctrica, otros factores amenazan la supervivencia de los orangutanes de Tapanuli. Ya se verá si en el futuro nos quedaremos sin orangutanes de Tapanuli en el planeta.
Con información de Live Science.
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