Nueva especie de avispa cucú descubierta en Noruega.
Las avispas cucú son parásitos. Se comportan como pajaros cucú al poner sus huevos en los nidos de otras abejas y avispas.
Las avispas cucú, también llamadas avispas esmeralda, son algunos de los insectos más hermosos que tenemos, con colores que brillan como joyas. Sin embargo, estas bellezas también han creado muchos dolores de cabeza.
Normalmente distinguimos a los insectos entre sí por su apariencia, pero las avispas cucú son tan similares entre sí que lo hace difícil, dijo Frode Ødegaard.
Ødegaard es un investigador de insectos en el Museo Universitario NTNU (Universidad Noruega de Ciencia y Tecnología). Pertenece al grupo de investigación europeo que encontró una nueva especie. La nueva especie es muy rara y solo se ha encontrado un espécimen en la península de Lista en el condado de Agder en Noruega.
Durante más de 200 años, los investigadores de insectos se han esforzado para clasificar a las avispas cucú en las «listas» adecuadas. También para determinar qué características son variaciones dentro de una especie y cuáles son diferencias específicas de otra.
En los últimos 10 años, los códigos de barras de ADN han supuesto un gran avance al permitir distinguir diferentes especies de avispas cucú entre sí al observar las diferencias en su material genético.
Pero tampoco siempre es tan fácil. En este caso, tuvimos dos avispas cucú con diferencias microscópicas en apariencia y diferencias muy pequeñas en el ADN, dijo Ødegaard.
El siguiente paso fue observar el idioma de cada una de las avispas para saber si pertenecían a diferentes especies, dice.
Los insectos se comunican entre sí a través de feromonas; en otras palabras, tienen un lenguaje químico. Las especies muy relacionadas a menudo tienen idiomas completamente diferentes para evitar que se crucen.
La avispa cucú es un insecto con habilidades lingüísticas superiores a la media. Son parásitos, lo que significa que se comportan como pajaros cucú y ponen sus huevos en los nidos de otras abejas y avispas. Las larvas crecen rápidamente y eclosionan antes que los huevos del huésped. Luego se comen los huevos, las larvas y el suministro de alimento que el anfitrión ha dispuesto en el nido.
Cuando vives como un parásito, es importante que no te descubran y, por lo tanto, la avispa cucú también ha aprendido el idioma de su anfitrión, dijo Ødegaard.
Al realizar un estudio de lenguaje , los investigadores pudieron descubrir que las dos avispas cucú casi idénticas pertenecían de hecho a especies diferentes. Usan diferentes huéspedes, y eso significa que también hablan idiomas completamente diferentes.
Cuando se descubre una nueva especie, se le debe dar un nombre, y Frode Ødegaard tuvo la suerte de recibir el honor de nombrar al recién llegado.
Se anunció un concurso de nombres entre investigadores en Europa que trabajan con avispas cucú, y luego se votaron las propuestas que llegaron. ¡Resultó que mi propuesta obtuvo la mayor cantidad de votos!
La nueva avispa es muy similar a otra especie llamada Chrysis brevitarsis, por lo que la nueva especie se denominó Chrysis parabrevitarsis, que significa ‘la que está junto a brevitarsis‘.
Ødegaard también fue responsable de darle a la especie su nombre noruego un poco más simple: sporegullveps. No oculta el hecho de que le pareció genial poder nombrar una nueva especie.
En cierto modo, te colocas en la perspectiva de la eternidad, porque esa especie siempre tendrá ese nombre.
El único espécimen conocido de esta avispa cucú se capturó y se fijó en una colección de insectos. Por lo tanto, puede parecer moralmente reprobable e innecesario que este único individuo haya sido clavado en una aguja.
Incluso con los métodos avanzados de hoy en día, no es posible utilizar animales vivos para estudios como este, pero la recolección de muestras individuales, afortunadamente, no tiene ningún impacto en la población, explicó Ødegaard.
Agregó que los insectos recolectados son absolutamente cruciales para que los investigadores puedan mapear y describir su diversidad y así cuidar las poblaciones para la posteridad.
Con información de Phys.org
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