La depresión envejece prematuramente las células de las personas.
Las personas con depresión grave habían acelerado el envejecimiento celular en un promedio de dos años en comparación.
La depresión puede acelerar el envejecimiento a nivel celular y provocar una muerte prematura, según un nuevo estudio.
Se descubrió anteriormente que el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) es un factor de riesgo para muchas enfermedades diferentes relacionadas con el envejecimiento. Como las enfermedades cardiovasculares, la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la osteoporosis. También se le asocia con mortalidad prematura. Así que los investigadores han planteado la hipótesis de que la depresión puede provocar un proceso biológico dentro del cuerpo que acelera el envejecimiento. Todo esto según un estudio publicado en la revista Translational Psychiatry.
Una de las cosas más notables de la depresión es que quienes la padecen tienen tasas inesperadamente más altas de enfermedades físicas relacionadas con la edad y mortalidad prematura, incluso después de tener en cuenta cosas como el suicidio y los hábitos de estilo de vida, dijo el coautor principal, Dr. Owen Wolkowitz. Eso siempre ha sido un misterio, y eso es lo que nos llevó a buscar signos de envejecimiento a nivel celular.
Para resolver esto, un grupo de investigadores recurrió a los llamados relojes epigenéticos, que miden cambios químicos específicos en el ADN de una persona para estimar su edad biológica o celular. A medida que una persona envejece, los átomos particulares de su ADN comienzan a ser reemplazados por grupos metilo. Un proceso natural conocido como metilación. Estos cambios químicos alteran la función de los genes en las células.
Al rastrear estos cambios químicos, los científicos también pueden comprender mejor si una condición, como la depresión, puede estar relacionada con la aceleración del envejecimiento celular.
GrimAge.
En el nuevo estudio, los investigadores buscaron patrones específicos de metilación que previamente se han relacionado con la mortandad. A esta medición se le conoce como GrimAge.
Utilizaron muestras de sangre de 49 personas con trastorno depresivo mayor que no estaban siendo tratadas con medicamentos. Como contraste, utilizaron muestras de 60 personas sanas de la misma edad. Controlaron el sexo, el tabaquismo actual y el índice de masa corporal. Aunque las personas con depresión mayor no tenían signos físicos de envejecimiento acelerado, tenían mayor GrimAge en comparación con su edad cronológica. En otras palabras, habían acelerado el envejecimiento celular en un promedio de dos años en comparación con las personas sanas.
Esto está cambiando la forma en que entendemos la depresión, de una enfermedad puramente mental o psiquiátrica, limitada a procesos en el cerebro, a una enfermedad de todo el cuerpo, dijo la autora principal Katerina Protsenko. Esto debería cambiar fundamentalmente la forma en que abordamos la depresión y cómo la consideramos, como parte de la salud general.
Pero aún no está claro si la depresión causa cambios en la metilación en algunas personas. O si la depresión y la metilación están relacionadas con algún otro factor subyacente en el cuerpo. Por ejemplo, es posible que algunas personas estén predispuestas a patrones de metilación específicos cuando están expuestas a factores estresantes. Además, el tamaño de la muestra fue modesto y estos hallazgos deben replicarse en una muestra más grande y diversa, escribieron los autores.
Ahora, los investigadores esperan determinar si los tratamientos o la terapia pueden prevenir los cambios de metilación que aceleran el envejecimiento celular.
Con información de Live Science.
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