Próxima Centauri lanza llamarada enorme, la vida extraterrestre peligra.
La llamarada en Próxima Centauri fue alrededor de 100 veces más poderosa que las emitidas por el Sol.
Próxima Centauri lanza llamarada enorme, la vida extraterrestre peligra.
Los científicos han detectado una de las llamaradas estelares más grandes jamás registradas en nuestra galaxia.
Los chorros de plasma salieron disparados desde el vecino más cercano del Sol, la estrella enana roja Próxima Centauri. La llamarada, que fue cerca de 100 veces más poderosa que cualquier otra experimentada en nuestro sistema solar, podría cambiar la forma en que los científicos piensan sobre la radiación solar y la vida extraterrestre.
Próxima Centauri es una enana roja, el tipo de estrella más pequeña, tenue y común de la galaxia. Se ubica aproximadamente a 4.25 años luz de la Tierra. Su masa es solo una octava parte de la del Sol y está orbitada por dos exoplanetas. Uno de estos planetas, Próxima Centauri b, se considera similar a la Tierra. El planeta se encuentra dentro de la zona habitable de la estrella. Esto es la distancia de una estrella que podría soportar el desarrollo de la vida.
En un nuevo estudio, los investigadores utilizaron nueve telescopios terrestres y orbitales. Incluyendo al Telescopio Espacial Hubble, el Atacama Large Millimeter / Submillimeter Array y el Satélite de Reconocimiento de Exoplanetas en Tránsito de la NASA. Todo para monitorear de cerca a Próxima Centauri durante un total de 40 horas durante varios meses en 2019. El 1 de mayo de 2019, el equipo capturó la megallamarada, que brilló durante solo 7 segundos y fue principalmente visible en el espectro ultravioleta.
La estrella pasó de normal a 14,000 veces más brillante, cuando se ve en longitudes de onda ultravioleta, en el lapso de unos pocos segundos, dijo la autora principal, Meredith MacGregor, astrofísica.
El poder de esta erupción y el tipo de radiación que emitió podrían cambiar lo que sabemos sobre las enanas rojas y las posibilidades de que se desarrolle vida en los planetas que las orbitan.
Un destello enorme.
Las llamaradas estelares son el resultado de los fuertes campos magnéticos de una estrella. Estos campos, que son creados por grandes cantidades de gas cargado eléctricamente, pueden retorcerse y volver a colocarse repentinamente en su lugar para liberar una enorme cantidad de energía en forma de radiación. Algo así como dispararle una liga a alguien con los dedos.
La llamarada de Próxima Centauri fue extremadamente poderosa en comparación con las emitidas por el Sol. A diferencia de las llamaradas del Sol, este también emitía diferentes tipos de radiación. En particular, produjo una enorme oleada de luz ultravioleta y ondas de radio, conocida como radiación milimétrica.
Antes no sabíamos que las estrellas podían destellar en el rango milimétrico, por lo que esta es la primera vez que buscamos destellos milimétricos, dijo MacGregor.
Este hallazgo fue posible gracias a que el equipo monitoreó la estrella usando una variedad amplia de telescopios, cada uno enfocado en una parte diferente del espectro electromagnético.
Es la primera vez que hemos tenido este tipo de cobertura de múltiples longitudes de onda de un destello estelar, dijo MacGregor. Por lo general, tienes suerte si puedes conseguir dos instrumentos.
Los nuevos hallazgos sugieren que las llamaradas estelares emitidas por las enanas rojas son mucho más violentas de lo esperado y podrían reducir la probabilidad de que se desarrolle vida extraterrestre a su alrededor.
Malas noticias para los extraterrestres.
El tipo y la cantidad de radiación emitida por Próxima Centauri podrían dificultar la supervivencia de la vida en sus exoplanetas en órbita. Aunque probablemente no tienen una atmósfera real debido a las poderosas llamaradas. Pero tampoco es imposible que exista vida extraterrestre allí.
Si hubiera vida en el planeta más cercano a Próxima Centauri, tendría que verse muy diferente a cualquier cosa en la Tierra, dijo MacGregor. Un ser humano en ese planeta lo pasaría mal.
Es probable que otras enanas rojas emitan llamaradas igualmente poderosas, lo que reduce las posibilidades de que los planetas cercanos puedan albergar vida. También brillan con mucha más frecuencia que el sol, lo que reduce aún más las posibilidades de encontrar vida en ese sistema estelar.
Los planetas de Próxima Centauri están siendo golpeados por algo como esto, no una vez en un siglo, sino al menos una vez al día, si no varias veces al día, dijo MacGregor.
Los investigadores ahora esperan usar la amplia variedad de telescopios para enfocarse en otras llamaradas estelares en nuestra galaxia.
Probablemente habrá más tipos de llamaradas extrañas que demuestren diferentes tipos de física en los que no habíamos pensado antes, aseveró MacGregor
El estudio aparece en la edición en línea del 21 de abril de la revista The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
Con información de Live Science.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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