Bacterias devoradoras de metales para limpiar la industria minera.
Científica chilena planea limpiar a la industria minera con bacterias ‘devoradoras de metales’.
Bacterias devoradoras de metales para limpiar la industria minera.
En Chile, una científica está probando bacterias devoradoras de metales que espera puedan ayudar a limpiar la industria minera altamente contaminante del país.
En su laboratorio en Antofagasta, una ciudad industrial a 1,100 kilómetros al norte de Santiago, la biotecnóloga Nadac Reales, de 33 años, ha estado realizando pruebas con extremófilos, organismos que viven en ambientes extremos.
A Reales se le ocurrió la idea cuando aún estaba en la universidad mientras realizaba pruebas en una planta minera utilizando microorganismos para mejorar la extracción de cobre.
Algunos metales se pueden reciclar en plantas de fundición, pero otros, como las tolvas de camiones no se puede. A menudo estos se desechan en el desierto de Atacama en Chile, hogar de la mayor parte de la industria minera del país.
Chile es el mayor productor mundial de cobre, que representa hasta el 15 por ciento del PIB del país. Esto significa que genera una gran cantidad de desechos de minas que contaminan el medio ambiente.
En su investigación, la biotecnóloga, que ahora dirige su propia empresa Rudanac Biotec, se enfocó en las bacterias oxidantes del hierro llamadas Leptospirillum.
Logró extraer la bacteria de los géiseres de El Tatio. El Tatio es un campo de géiseres ubicado en los montes andinos al norte de Chile, en la Región de Antofagasta a 4,200 metros sobre el nivel del mar.
Estas bacterias viven en un ambiente ácido que prácticamente no se ve afectado por concentraciones altas de la mayoría de los metales.
Al principio, las bacterias tardaron dos meses en desintegrar una uña.
Pero cuando pasaban hambre, tenían que adaptarse y encontrar una forma de alimentarse.
Después de dos años de pruebas, se dio un marcado aumento en la velocidad con la que las bacterias comían. De esta manera finalmente lograron devorar una uña en solo tres días.
Gran potencial.
Nadac Reales dice que pruebas químicas y microbiológicas han demostrado que las bacterias no son dañinas para los seres humanos o el medio ambiente.
Las empresas mineras han mostrado interés en la investigación. Rudanac Biotec se benefició anteriormente de un fondo estatal para la creación de empresas. Sin embargo requiere inversiones para pasar a su siguiente etapa de pruebas.
Reales dice que necesita dinero para ver si su método lograría comerse una viga de tamaño mediano o una tolva.
Cuando se completa el proceso de desintegración, lo que queda es un residuo líquido rojizo, una solución conocida como lixiviante que en sí misma posee una calidad sorprendente.
Esencialmente, el residuo líquido se puede utilizar para extraer cobre de la roca de una manera más sostenible que el uso actual de productos químicos en la lixiviación.
La lixiviación, o extracción sólido-líquido, es una operación que consiste en la separación de una o varias sustancias contenidas en una matriz sólida, usualmente pulverizada, mediante el uso de disolventes líquidos.
Así que debido a esto, este metodo es de gran interés para las empresas mineras. Pues este lixiviante podrían usarlo para mejorar su extracción a gran escala de cobre u otros minerales. Y claro, al mismo tiempo reducir la contaminación, algo que deben hacer por ley.
Nadac Reales presentó recientemente una solicitud de patente internacional para su tecnología. Pero lo más importante es que espera que ayude a reducir los desechos metálicos que manchan el paisaje en las regiones mineras de Chile.
Con información de Phys.org
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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