Aún sigue la alerta por el fenómeno meteorológico de La Niña.
El Niño y La Niña son fenómenos que tienen una gran influencia en los patrones climáticos en varias partes del mundo.
El Niño y La Niña son los componentes oceánicas del ENOS (Oscilación del Sur) que corresponde a la aparición, de aguas superficiales relativamente más cálidas (El Niño) o más frías (La Niña) de lo normal en el Pacífico tropical central y oriental, frente a las costas del norte de Perú, Ecuador y sur de Colombia.
Las condiciones de La Niña en el Pacífico tropical han persistido y se han fortalecido a medida que los vientos alisios se intensificaron desde mediados de julio hasta mediados de agosto de 2022.
Es probable que estas condiciones continúen al menos durante el resto de 2022.
Según los Centros Mundiales de Producción de Predicciones a Largo Plazo de la Organización Meteorológica Mundial (OMM), La Niña continuará durante los próximos seis meses con un 70 % de probabilidad en septiembre-noviembre de 2022.
Aunque la probabilidad disminuirá gradualmente hasta el 55 % en diciembre-febrero de 2022/2023.
El Niño.
Los pescadores sudamericanos notaron por primera vez períodos de agua inusualmente cálida en el Océano Pacífico en el siglo XVII. El nombre de «El Niño» se debe a que observaron que las aguas aumentaban su temperatura durante la época de las fiestas navideñas, es decir, el tiempo del «Niño Dios o Niño Jesús».
El Niño puede afectar significativamente nuestro clima. Las aguas más cálidas hacen que la corriente en chorro del Pacífico se mueva al sur de su posición neutral. Con este cambio, las áreas del norte de EE. UU. y Canadá son más secas y cálidas de lo normal. Pero en la Costa del Golfo y el Sudeste de EE. UU., estos períodos son más húmedos de lo normal y aumentan las inundaciones.
El fenómeno se ha asociado a mayor incidencia de frentes fríos, aumento del número de huracanes en el Pacífico, mientras que disminuyen en el Atlántico, Caribe y golfo de México, tal como se ha venido observando en los últimos años.
La Niña.
La Niña tiene el efecto opuesto de El Niño. Durante los eventos de La Niña, los vientos alisios son aún más fuertes de lo habitual, empujando más agua cálida hacia Asia. Frente a la costa oeste del continente americano aumenta el afloramiento, trayendo agua fría y rica en nutrientes a la superficie.
Estas aguas frías en el Pacífico empujan la corriente a chorro hacia el norte. Esto tiende a provocar sequías en el sur de los EE. UU. y fuertes lluvias e inundaciones en el noroeste del Pacífico y Canadá. Durante un año de La Niña, las temperaturas invernales son más cálidas de lo normal en el sur y más frías de lo normal en el norte. La Niña también puede conducir a una temporada de huracanes más severa.
La sequía que afecta severamente a los estados del norte de México es causada, principalmente, por La Niña.
Cualquiera de ambas condiciones se expande y persiste sobre las regiones tropicales por varios meses y causan cambios notables en las temperaturas globales, y especialmente en los regímenes de lluvias a nivel global.
Dichos cambios se suceden alternativamente en períodos que varían de los cinco a los siete años.
Con información de Organización Meteorológica Mundial / Wikipedia.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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