Las rampas que pueden salvarte si tu vehículo pierde los frenos
Las rampas de frenado de emergencia son estructuras diseñadas para detener de manera segura los vehículos que han perdido el control debido a fallos en los frenos.
Las características del terreno en el que se construye una carretera pueden influir en el diseño de su perfil vertical, incluyendo pendientes descendentes continuas y prolongadas, en casos extremos.
Estas condiciones combinadas con posibles fallos mecánicos en los sistemas de frenos de los vehículos pueden dar lugar a accidentes fatales. Por ello la importancia de las rampas de frenado de emergencia.
Rampa de frenado de emergencia
Una rampa de frenado de emergencia es una zona adicional conectada a la carretera, especialmente diseñada para disipar la energía cinética de los vehículos que pierden el control debido a fallos mecánicos, especialmente en sus sistemas de frenos.
Su función es desacelerarlos de manera controlada y segura utilizando materiales granulares sueltos y, si es posible, aprovechando la fuerza de la gravedad.
En pocas palabras, es un componente crucial en las carreteras que permite a los vehículos con problemas de frenado detenerse de manera segura, evitando así la ocurrencia de terribles accidentes.
Estas rampas están físicamente separadas de la carretera principal mediante barreras de protección hechas de materiales como concreto u otros elementos adecuados.
Además, están cubiertas con grava o arena de tamaño especial para proporcionar protección a camiones de gran tamaño.
La profundidad de la grava permite disipar rápidamente la inercia de los vehículos, controlándola de manera efectiva y relativamente segura. Esto permite al conductor detener su vehículo sin problemas.
Tipos de rampas
Existen diferentes diseños de rampas de frenado de emergencia, como:
- Superficie de detención. Una rampa inclinada llena de grava adyacente a la carretera, que emplea la resistencia a la rodadura para detener un vehículo. La longitud necesaria depende del peso y la velocidad del vehículo, la pendiente de la carretera y la resistencia a la rodadura de la grava utilizada.
- Zona de detención por gravedad. Una vía larga y ascendente paralela a la carretera. Se requiere una gran longitud. El control del vehículo puede ser difícil para el conductor, ya que el vehículo puede retroceder una vez detenido.
- Zona de detención con arena apilada. Una corta longitud de arena suelta amontonada. Los problemas asociados son la fuerte desaceleración que experimenta el vehículo, el impacto del clima en las propiedades de la arena y la dificultad para controlar el vehículo una vez que entra en contacto con la pila de arena.
- Superficie de detención mecánica. Un sistema patentado de redes de acero inoxidable que se extienden transversalmente en una rampa pavimentada, capaz de retener un vehículo en problemas.
- Otras alternativas, como una barrera que detenga el vehículo.
Las rampas de frenado de emergencia se ubican en pendientes pronunciadas y áreas montañosas. Por ende, seleccionar el lugar adecuado puede ser complicado. Comúnmente se construyen antes de un cambio importante en la curva de la carretera o en sitios donde se requiere que los vehículos se detengan, como intersecciones de áreas pobladas. Sin embargo, la ubicación puede variar de un país o región a otro.
Con información del Diario Oficial de la Federación.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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