Tipos de tsunamis y sus efectos, desde imperceptibles hasta devastadores.
Los efectos de un tsunami en una costa pueden variar desde imperceptibles hasta devastadores.
Dependen de: características del sismo que generó el tsunami, distancia y punto de origen, su magnitud y la configuración de la batimetría, o sea la profundidad del agua en los océanos.
Pequeños tsunamis, no destructivos e indetectables sin equipo especializado, ocurren casi todos los días como resultado de terremotos menores y otros eventos.
Muy a menudo están demasiado lejos de la tierra o son demasiado pequeños para tener algún efecto cuando golpean la orilla.
Tipos de tsunamis.
Cuando un pequeño tsunami llega a la costa, a menudo se lo ve como una marea fuerte y veloz.
Los tsunamis tienen períodos prolongados y pueden superar obstáculos como golfos, bahías e islas.
Estos tsunamis tocan tierra en forma de niveles de agua que disminuyen repentinamente y luego aumentan rápidamente en una combinación de varias olas grandes.
Generalmente, los tsunamis llegan, no como olas gigantes, sino como un fuerte aumento rápido en los niveles del agua que resulta en inundaciones violentas.
Cuando las olas del tsunami alcanzan una altura extremadamente grande, atacan salvajemente las costas, causando devastadores daños materiales y pérdida de vidas.
Una pequeña ola de solo 30 centímetros de altura en las profundidades del océano puede convertirse en una ola monstruosa de 30 metros de altura mientras barre la costa.
Los efectos pueden amplificarse aún más cuando una bahía, puerto o laguna canaliza las olas a medida que se mueven hacia el interior. Se sabe que los grandes tsunamis se elevan a más de 30 metro de altura.
¿Qué es lo que causa destrucción?
La cantidad de energía y agua contenida en un gran tsunami puede causar una destrucción extrema cuando golpea la tierra.
La ola inicial de un gran tsunami es extremadamente alta. La mayor parte del daño es causado por la enorme masa de agua detrás del frente de onda inicial.
Es el poder detrás de las olas, el agua corriendo interminable que causa devastación y pérdida de vidas. Cuando las olas gigantes de un tsunami azotan la costa, pueden destruir todo a su paso.
La destrucción es causada por dos mecanismos: la fuerza aplastante de una pared de agua que viaja a gran velocidad y el poder destructivo de un gran volumen de agua que se lleva todo consigo.
¿Con qué puede arrasar la fuerza de un tsunami?
Los objetos y edificios son destruidos por el peso del agua, a menudo reducidos a cimientos esqueléticos y lecho rocoso expuesto.
Los objetos grandes, como barcos y rocas, pueden transportarse varias millas tierra adentro antes de que el tsunami disminuya.
Las olas del tsunami destruyen barcos, edificios, puentes, automóviles, árboles, líneas telefónicas, líneas eléctricas y casi cualquier otra cosa en su camino.
Una vez que las olas del tsunami hayan derribado la infraestructura en la costa, es posible que continúen viajando varios kilómetros tierra adentro, arrasando con más árboles, edificios, automóviles y otros equipos artificiales.
Las pequeñas islas afectadas por un tsunami quedan irreconocibles.
Especialmente a lo largo de un área sísmica alta, conocida como el Anillo de Fuego, los tsunamis pueden tener consecuencias dramáticas al afectar a los países menos desarrollados.
Con información de Tsunami Warning.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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