Ecosistema subterráneo gigante es descubierto por científicos.
Científicos encuentran un ecosistema subterráneo que tiene el doble del tamaño de los océanos del mundo.
Ecosistema subterráneo gigante es descubierto por científicos.
Nuestro planeta está mucho más vivo de lo que se pensaba. Se ha descubierto que hay un rico ecosistema bajo nuestros pies que es casi el doble del tamaño de todos los océanos del mundo.
A pesar del calor extremo, la falta de luz, la nutrición raquítica y la presión intensa, los científicos estiman que esta biosfera subterránea está repleta de entre 15,000 y 23,000 millones de toneladas de microorganismos. Es decir, cientos de veces el peso combinado de todos los seres humanos del planeta.
El Observatorio del Carbono Profundo es un programa de investigación global diseñado para transformar el entendimiento del papel del carbono en la Tierra.
Investigadores del Observatorio del Carbono Profundo dicen que la diversidad de especies del inframundo es comparable a la del Amazonas o las Islas Galápagos. Sin embargo a diferencia de esos lugares, el medio ambiente sigue siendo en gran parte prístino porque la gente aún no ha tocado la mayor parte del subsuelo.
Es como encontrar una reserva de vida completamente nueva en la Tierra, dijo Karen Lloyd, profesora asociada de la Universidad de Tennessee en Knoxville. Estamos descubriendo nuevos tipos de vida todo el tiempo. Gran parte de la vida está dentro de la Tierra en lugar de encima de ella.
El equipo investigador combina a 1,200 científicos de 52 países en disciplinas que van desde la geología y la microbiología hasta la química y la física.
Se tomaron muestras de pozos de más de 5 km de profundidad y sitios de perforación submarinos para construir modelos del ecosistema y estimar cuánto carbono vivo podría contener.
Los resultados sugieren que el 70% de las bacterias y arqueas de la Tierra existen en el subsuelo. Esto incluye a organismos como las Altiarchaeales de púas que viven en manantiales sulfúricos y Geogemma barossii, un organismo unicelular que se encuentra en respiraderos hidrotermales de 121 ° C en el fondo del mar.
Un organismo que se halla a 2.5 km por debajo de la superficie significa que ha estado enterrado durante millones de años. Por ende es posible que no dependa en absoluto de la energía del sol. En cambio, los microorganismos metanógenos ha encontrado una forma de crear metano en este entorno de baja energía, que puede no utilizar para reproducirse o dividirse, sino para reemplazar o reparar piezas rotas.
Lo más extraño para mí es que algunos organismos pueden existir durante milenios. Son metabólicamente activos pero en estasis, con menos energía de la que creíamos posible para sustentar la vida, comentó Lloyd
Rick Colwell, un ecologista microbiano, dijo que las escalas de tiempo de la vida subterránea eran completamente diferentes. Algunos microorganismos han estado vivos durante miles de años, apenas moviéndose excepto con cambios en las placas tectónicas, terremotos o erupciones.
Los ecosistemas subterráneos varían según la geología y la geografía. Se estima que su tamaño combinado es de más de 2 mil millones de kilómetros cúbicos. Pero esto podría expandirse aún más en el futuro.
Los científicos han buscado un límite donde la vida no podría existir. Pero cuanto más profundo buscan, más vida encuentran. Lo que sí hay es una temperatura máxima: actualmente de 122 grados Celsius. Pero los investigadores creen que este récord se romperá si continúan explorando y desarrollando instrumentos más sofisticados.
Los misterios permanecen. Incluso nos hace preguntar si la vida comenzó desde las profundidades o hacia abajo desde la superficie. También nos hace cuestionar cómo interactúan los microbios con los procesos químicos y qué podría revelar esto sobre cómo la vida y la Tierra coevolucionaron.
Los científicos dicen que algunos hallazgos entran en el ámbito de la filosofía y la exobiología: el estudio de la vida extraterrestre. Porque si nos hemos sorprendido de lo que hemos hallado en nuestro planeta, ¿qué nos podría esperar cuando busquemos en otros mundos?
Con información de The Guardian.
Somos Extremo Mundial.
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